Poland: MPK Łódź CEO Zbigniew Papierski shared project details in an interview with Rynek Kolejowy. He noted that new trams currently cost up to PLN 20 mln (€4.7 mln), but in-house production could save several million zlotys per vehicle.
Production is slated for a recently opened tram overhaul and modernisation facility built on the site of a former depot. Future trams will measure no more than 32 m long. At the outset, bodies will be sourced from third-party suppliers, with bogie assembly handled in Łódź and other equipment—electronics, air-conditioning systems, seats, and so on—procured directly from manufacturers.
Two layout options are under consideration: all fixed bogies (as on the Pesa Swing platform) or pivoting end bogies (like the Moderus Gamma LF 06 AC). Łódź has operational experience with both types. The first delivers a fully low floor, while the second achieves 70–80% low floor, with all entrances step-free regardless. Papierski said a final decision is expected in the coming months, with the first tram due off the line in 2028.
Notably, Poznan follows a similar model: MPK Poznań holds a controlling stake in tram builder Modertrans, which has supplied more than 520 trams to Poznan and other Poland cities since 2005. Last year, its potential sale to a sector player was discussed amid international market demand.
