Russia: According to the Moscow Department of Transportation, the second stage of testing of the vehicle has commenced. During the first stage, when the tram was operated without passengers, the software and systems were checked.
This is the 71-911EM Lvyonok single-car tram from PC Transport Systems that was chosen for the project. The vehicle has been equipped with a GoA3 system meaning that it can operate autonomously, but a driver is present in the cab to intervene in case of an emergency.
Maxim Liksutov, Moscow Deputy Mayor for Transport, has announced that this tram will be fully self-driving by the end of 2025, with 80% of trams in Moscow to be automated by 2027.
Since 2022, all new trams entering St. Petersburg have been also equipped with an automated driving system with computer vision, which detects obstacles and applies the brakes automatically if the driver does not react.
